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Android DrawerLayout(官方側(cè)滑菜單)的簡(jiǎn)單使用

2023-03-31 13:44 更新

本節(jié)引言:

本節(jié)給大家?guī)?lái)基礎(chǔ)UI控件部分的最后一個(gè)控件:DrawerLayout,官方給我們提供的一個(gè)側(cè)滑菜單 控件,和上一節(jié)的ViewPager一樣,3.0以后引入,低版本使用它,需要v4兼容包,說(shuō)到側(cè)滑,相信 很多人都用過(guò)github上的SlidingMenu,不過(guò)好像有兩個(gè)版本,一個(gè)是單獨(dú)的,另一個(gè)需要依賴(lài)另一 個(gè)開(kāi)源項(xiàng)目:ActionBarSherlock;既然Google為我們提供了這個(gè)控件,為何不用咧,而且在 Material Design設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范中,隨處可見(jiàn)的很多側(cè)滑菜單的動(dòng)畫(huà)效果,大都可以通過(guò)Toolbar + DrawerLayout來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)~,本節(jié)我們就來(lái)探究下這個(gè)DrawerLayout的一個(gè)基本用法~還有人喜歡把他 稱(chēng)為抽屜控件~官方文檔:DrawerLayout


1.使用的注意事項(xiàng)

  • 1.主內(nèi)容視圖一定要是DrawerLayout的第一個(gè)子視圖
  • 2.主內(nèi)容視圖寬度和高度需要match_parent
  • 3.必須顯示指定側(cè)滑視圖的android:layout_gravity屬性 android:layout_gravity = "start"時(shí),從左向右滑出菜單 android:layout_gravity = "end"時(shí),從右向左滑出菜單 不推薦使用left和right!!!
  • 側(cè)滑視圖的寬度以dp為單位,不建議超過(guò)320dp(為了總能看到一些主內(nèi)容視圖)
  • 設(shè)置側(cè)滑事件:mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(DrawerLayout.DrawerListener);
  • 要說(shuō)一點(diǎn):可以結(jié)合Actionbar使用當(dāng)用戶點(diǎn)擊Actionbar上的應(yīng)用圖標(biāo),彈出側(cè)滑菜單! 這里就要通過(guò)ActionBarDrawerToggle,它是DrawerLayout.DrawerListener的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi), 我們可以重寫(xiě)ActionBarDrawerToggle的onDrawerOpened()和onDrawerClosed()以監(jiān)聽(tīng)抽屜拉出 或隱藏事件!但是這里我們不講,因?yàn)?.0后我們使用的是Toolbar!有興趣的可以自行查閱相關(guān) 文檔!

2.使用代碼示例


示例1:?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)側(cè)滑菜單的實(shí)現(xiàn)

運(yùn)行效果圖

實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵代碼

首先是我們的主布局,注意:最外層要是DrawerLayout哦!?。?!

activity_main.xml

<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/ly_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_left_drawer"
        android:layout_width="180dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="start"
        android:background="#080808"
        android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
        android:divider="#FFFFFF"
        android:dividerHeight="1dp" />

</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

接著ListView的布局代碼和domain類(lèi):Item比較簡(jiǎn)單,就不給出了,直接上中間Fragment的 布局以及代碼吧!另外Adapter直接復(fù)用我們之前寫(xiě)的那個(gè)可復(fù)用的MyAdapter!

fg_content.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:textSize="25sp" />

</RelativeLayout>

ContentFragment.java

/**
 * Created by Jay on 2015/10/8 0008.
 */
public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {

    private TextView tv_content;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_content, container, false);
        tv_content = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
        String text = getArguments().getString("text");
        tv_content.setText(text);
        return view;
    }
}   

最后是我們的Activity類(lèi)

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener{

    private DrawerLayout drawer_layout;
    private ListView list_left_drawer;
    private ArrayList<Item> menuLists;
    private MyAdapter<Item> myAdapter = null;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        drawer_layout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        list_left_drawer = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_left_drawer);

        menuLists = new ArrayList<Item>();
        menuLists.add(new Item(R.mipmap.iv_menu_realtime,"實(shí)時(shí)信息"));
        menuLists.add(new Item(R.mipmap.iv_menu_alert,"提醒通知"));
        menuLists.add(new Item(R.mipmap.iv_menu_trace,"活動(dòng)路線"));
        menuLists.add(new Item(R.mipmap.iv_menu_settings,"相關(guān)設(shè)置"));
        myAdapter = new MyAdapter<Item>(menuLists,R.layout.item_list) {
            @Override
            public void bindView(ViewHolder holder, Item obj) {
                holder.setImageResource(R.id.img_icon,obj.getIconId());
                holder.setText(R.id.txt_content, obj.getIconName());
            }
        };
        list_left_drawer.setAdapter(myAdapter);
        list_left_drawer.setOnItemClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
        ContentFragment contentFragment = new ContentFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putString("text", menuLists.get(position).getIconName());
        contentFragment.setArguments(args);
        FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
        fm.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.ly_content,contentFragment).commit();
        drawer_layout.closeDrawer(list_left_drawer);
    }
}

代碼很簡(jiǎn)單,就不多說(shuō)了~


示例2.左右兩個(gè)側(cè)滑菜單的實(shí)現(xiàn)

嗯,不知道你有沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn),從上面的DrawerLayout的布局,我們大概可以猜到,DrawerLayout 最多由三個(gè)部分組成,中間的內(nèi)容部分,左邊的側(cè)滑菜單部分,右邊的側(cè)滑菜單部分組成! 下面我們來(lái)寫(xiě)一個(gè)帶有兩個(gè)側(cè)滑菜單的示例!

運(yùn)行效果圖

代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)

首先我們創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)Fragment以及對(duì)應(yīng)的布局,他們分別是左右側(cè)滑菜單!

左邊Fragment

布局:fg_left.xml,這里就用了一個(gè)圖片而以,點(diǎn)擊后彈出一個(gè)新的Activity; 當(dāng)然你可以根據(jù)自己的需求進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展!

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/img_bg"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="@mipmap/bg_menu_left"/>

</LinearLayout>

對(duì)應(yīng)的LeftFragment.java

/**
 * Created by Jay on 2015/10/9 0009.
 */
public class LeftFragment extends Fragment{

    private DrawerLayout drawer_layout;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_left, container, false);
        ImageView img_bg = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.img_bg);
        img_bg.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                getActivity().startActivity(new Intent(getActivity(),OtherActivity.class));
                drawer_layout.closeDrawer(Gravity.START);
            }
        });
        return view;
    }

    //暴露給Activity,用于傳入DrawerLayout,因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)擊后想關(guān)掉DrawerLayout
    public void setDrawerLayout(DrawerLayout drawer_layout){
        this.drawer_layout = drawer_layout;
    }
}

右面的Fragment

布局就三個(gè)按鈕,點(diǎn)擊后替換中間部分的Fragment,布局fg_right.xml代碼如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#2F9AF2"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_one"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="菜單項(xiàng)一" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_two"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="菜單項(xiàng)二" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_three"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="菜單項(xiàng)三" />

</LinearLayout>

然后對(duì)應(yīng)的是RightFragment.java

/**
 * Created by Jay on 2015/10/9 0009.
 */
public class RightFragment extends Fragment implements View.OnClickListener{

    private DrawerLayout drawer_layout;
    private FragmentManager fManager;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_right, container, false);
        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_one).setOnClickListener(this);
        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_two).setOnClickListener(this);
        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_three).setOnClickListener(this);
        fManager = getActivity().getSupportFragmentManager();
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.btn_one:
                ContentFragment cFragment1 = new ContentFragment("1.點(diǎn)擊了右側(cè)菜單項(xiàng)一",R.color.blue);
                fManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fly_content,cFragment1).commit();
                drawer_layout.closeDrawer(Gravity.END);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_two:
                ContentFragment cFragment2 = new ContentFragment("2.點(diǎn)擊了右側(cè)菜單項(xiàng)二",R.color.red);
                fManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fly_content,cFragment2).commit();
                drawer_layout.closeDrawer(Gravity.END);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_three:
                ContentFragment cFragment3 = new ContentFragment("3.點(diǎn)擊了右側(cè)菜單項(xiàng)三",R.color.yellow);
                fManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fly_content,cFragment3).commit();
                drawer_layout.closeDrawer(Gravity.END);
                break;
        }
    }

    public void setDrawerLayout(DrawerLayout drawer_layout){
        this.drawer_layout = drawer_layout;
    }

}

另外還有一個(gè)中間部分填充的ContentFragment,布局:fg_content.xml如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:textSize="25sp" />

</RelativeLayout>

ContentFragment.java

public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {

    private TextView tv_content;
    private String strContent;
    private int bgColor;

    public ContentFragment(String strContent,int bgColor) {
        this.strContent = strContent;
        this.bgColor = bgColor;
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_content, container, false);
        view.setBackgroundColor(getResources().getColor(bgColor));
        tv_content = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
        tv_content.setText(strContent);
        return view;
    }
}

編寫(xiě)好以后,就到我們的Activity的布局了以及Activity的代碼了: 在此之前我們還需要些一個(gè)頂部條形欄的布局:

view_topbar.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="#DCDEDB">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_right"
        android:layout_width="40dp"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor"/>

</RelativeLayout>

然后是activity_main.xml

<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <include
            android:id="@+id/topbar"
            layout="@layout/view_topbar"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="48dp" />

        <FrameLayout
            android:id="@+id/fly_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    </LinearLayout>

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fg_left_menu"
        android:name="jay.com.drawerlayoutdemo2.LeftFragment"
        android:layout_width="300dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="start"
        android:tag="LEFT"
        tools:layout="@layout/fg_left" />

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fg_right_menu"
        android:name="jay.com.drawerlayoutdemo2.RightFragment"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="end"
        android:tag="RIGHT"
        tools:layout="@layout/fg_right" />

</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>  

最后是MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private DrawerLayout drawer_layout;
    private FrameLayout fly_content;
    private View topbar;
    private Button btn_right;
    private RightFragment fg_right_menu;
    private LeftFragment fg_left_menu;
    private FragmentManager fManager;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        fManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        fg_right_menu = (RightFragment) fManager.findFragmentById(R.id.fg_right_menu);
        fg_left_menu = (LeftFragment) fManager.findFragmentById(R.id.fg_left_menu);
        initViews();
    }

    private void initViews() {
        drawer_layout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        fly_content = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.fly_content);
        topbar = findViewById(R.id.topbar);
        btn_right = (Button) topbar.findViewById(R.id.btn_right);
        btn_right.setOnClickListener(this);

        //設(shè)置右面的側(cè)滑菜單只能通過(guò)編程來(lái)打開(kāi)
        drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED,
                Gravity.END);

        drawer_layout.setDrawerListener(new DrawerLayout.DrawerListener() {
            @Override
            public void onDrawerSlide(View view, float v) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onDrawerOpened(View view) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onDrawerClosed(View view) {
                drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(
                        DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED, Gravity.END);
            }

            @Override
            public void onDrawerStateChanged(int i) {

            }
        });

        fg_right_menu.setDrawerLayout(drawer_layout);
        fg_left_menu.setDrawerLayout(drawer_layout);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        drawer_layout.openDrawer(Gravity.RIGHT);
        drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_UNLOCKED,
                Gravity.END);    //解除鎖定
    }
}

好的,至此就大功告成了~,呼呼,下面說(shuō)下看代碼時(shí)可能會(huì)有的疑惑:

  • 1. drawer_layout.openDrawer(Gravity.END);
    這句是設(shè)置打開(kāi)的哪個(gè)菜單START代表左邊,END代表右邊
  • 2. drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED,Gravity.END); 鎖定右面的側(cè)滑菜單,不能通過(guò)手勢(shì)關(guān)閉或者打開(kāi),只能通過(guò)代碼打開(kāi)!即調(diào)用openDrawer方法! 接著 drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_UNLOCKED,Gravity.END); 解除鎖定狀態(tài),即可以通過(guò)手勢(shì)關(guān)閉側(cè)滑菜單 最后在drawer關(guān)閉的時(shí)候調(diào)用: drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED, Gravity.END); 再次鎖定右邊的側(cè)滑菜單!
  • 3. 布局代碼中的Tag屬性的作用? 答:這里沒(méi)用到,在重寫(xiě)DrawerListener的onDrawerSlide方法時(shí),我們可以通過(guò)他的第一個(gè) 參數(shù)drawerView,調(diào)用drawerView.getTag().equals("START")判斷觸發(fā)菜單事件的是哪個(gè) 菜單!然后可以進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)的操作!

3.代碼示例下載

DrawerLayoutDemo.zip

DrawerLayoutDemo2.zip


本節(jié)小結(jié):

好的,本節(jié)給大家介紹了官方的側(cè)滑控件DrawerLayout的基本用法,使用起來(lái)非常的方便! 當(dāng)然這里僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單的使用演示,另外看到弘揚(yáng)大神寫(xiě)過(guò)一篇: Android DrawerLayout 高仿QQ5.2雙向側(cè)滑菜單 有興趣可以看看,如果看完本節(jié)的內(nèi)容,相信你看起來(lái)不會(huì)怎么吃力~好的!

本節(jié)就到這里,跟UI控件這一章說(shuō)拜拜了~下一章我們開(kāi)始繪圖與動(dòng)畫(huà)了, 為我們進(jìn)階部分的自定義控件系列打基礎(chǔ)!


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